Alcohol Use Disorder in Veterans

Key Takeaways

• Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic condition with a spectrum ranging from mild to severe, affecting approximately 28.6 million adults in the U.S. in 2021.
• Veterans face a higher prevalence of AUD, with factors like combat exposure and mental health disorders like PTSD contributing to increased risk.
• The VA offers a range of treatments for AUD, including individual and group therapy, medications, and specialized services for co-occurring conditions.
• Non-VA treatment options are also available, and they’re preferable in some circumstances.
• Prevention strategies for AUD in veterans include education, mental health support, and addressing systemic factors like racial biases in treatment.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) presents a significant challenge among veterans, affecting a substantial portion of those who have served in the military. This issue is deeply intertwined with the unique experiences and stresses faced by veterans, including deployment-related trauma, physical injuries, and the difficulties of transitioning to civilian life. 

For many veterans, alcohol becomes a coping mechanism for managing the psychological and emotional aftermath of their service, leading to patterns of use that can develop into AUD. Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and impacts of AUD in this population is crucial for developing effective support systems and treatment strategies. 

What Is Alcohol Use Disorder?

AUD is a chronic medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. 

The disorder encompasses a spectrum of patterns ranging from mild to severe, based on the number of symptoms experienced. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), outlines specific criteria for diagnosing AUD, including a pattern of alcohol use leading to significant impairment or distress.

Health professionals use a combination of medical history, physical exams, and psychological evaluations to diagnose AUD.  

Common signs of AUD include:

• Increased Tolerance
• Withdrawal Symptoms
• Loss of Control
• Persistent Desire or Unsuccessful Efforts to Cut Down
• Significant Time Spent on Alcohol-Related Activities
• Neglect of Responsibilities
• Continued Use Despite Problems
• Social or Interpersonal Problems
• Craving
• Risky Use
• Decreased Participation in Important Activities

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, in 2021, approximately 28.6 million adults in the United States had AUD.

Risk factors for developing AUD include genetics, early onset of drinking, and environmental influences. Additionally, certain psychological and social factors, such as stress, trauma, and peer pressure, can contribute to its development. 

Alcohol Use Disorder Prevalence Among Veterans

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is generally more prevalent among veterans compared to the general population. Research indicates that about 10-20% of veterans may have AUD, which is notably higher than the prevalence rate in the general adult population, where estimates typically range from 6-8%.

Several factors contribute to this increased prevalence:

• Military Culture: The military environment often normalizes heavy drinking as part of social and recreational activities, which can contribute to higher rates of alcohol use among service members.
• Trauma and Stress: Veterans are at a higher risk for trauma-related conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is closely linked to alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.
• Transition to Civilian Life: The transition from military to civilian life can be challenging, with issues such as unemployment, loss of social support, and difficulties adjusting to civilian norms.
• Mental Health Disorders: Veterans often experience co-occurring mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety, which can contribute to problematic alcohol use.
• Physical Injuries and Chronic Pain: Veterans with physical injuries or chronic pain conditions may use alcohol to self-medicate, leading to increased risk of AUD.
• Social Isolation: Veterans may experience social isolation due to the loss of their military community and difficulties in building new social networks.
• Access to Care: While veterans have access to specialized healthcare services through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), barriers to accessing care or stigma around seeking help can impact the treatment of AUD.

The Consequences of Alcohol Use Disorder Among Veterans

AUD among veterans can lead to a range of serious and often interrelated consequences, affecting multiple aspects of their lives. Here are some of the primary consequences:

• Chronic Diseases: Increased risk of liver disease (such as cirrhosis and hepatitis), cardiovascular diseases (including hypertension and heart disease), and gastrointestinal problems.
• Neurological Impairments: Potential for cognitive impairments, memory issues, and increased risk of alcohol-related brain damage.
• Increased Risk of Injuries: Higher likelihood of accidents and injuries due to impaired coordination and judgment.
• Exacerbation of PTSD: Alcohol can worsen symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including flashbacks, nightmares, and heightened anxiety.
• Depression and Anxiety: Increased risk of developing or exacerbating depression and anxiety disorders, which can be both a cause and a consequence of AUD.
• Suicidal Ideation: Elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, often linked to the combined effects of mental health issues and alcohol abuse.
• Relationship Problems: Strain on family relationships, including marital discord, conflicts with children, and social isolation due to alcohol use.
• Social Isolation: Withdrawal from social activities and support networks, leading to increased feelings of loneliness and alienation.
• Legal Issues: Higher likelihood of legal problems, including arrests for driving under the influence (DUI), domestic violence, and other alcohol-related offenses.
• Employment Issues: Problems with job performance, absenteeism, and job loss due to alcohol-related issues. Veterans may struggle with maintaining employment or career progression.
• Financial Difficulties: Financial strain from the costs of alcohol, legal fees, and potential loss of income or employment. Alcohol use can also lead to poor financial decision-making.
• Reduced Quality of Life: Overall decline in quality of life due to the combined effects of physical health problems, mental health issues, social and relational difficulties, and financial stress.
• Loss of Independence: In severe cases, alcohol abuse can lead to a loss of personal autonomy, requiring assistance with daily living activities.
• Family Strain: Emotional and psychological toll on family members, including increased stress and emotional burden on spouses, children, and extended family.

Comprehensive Treatment Strategies for Veterans with Alcohol Use Disorder

For veterans grappling with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), a spectrum of treatment options is available through both the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and other health services. 

These options are meticulously designed to address the unique challenges faced by veterans. Treatment typically begins with a thorough assessment by healthcare providers to determine the level of drinking and the appropriate intervention.

Among the treatments available are:

• Individual therapy sessions to provide personalized attention and treatment plans.
• Group therapy to foster a sense of community and shared experience among veterans.
• Inpatient or residential treatment programs for more intensive care.
• Medications to mitigate cravings and reduce alcohol consumption.
• Access to the Veterans Crisis Line for immediate support in crisis situations.
• Specialized services for female veterans and gender-tailored treatment to enhance utilization and comfort.

It’s critical to note that co-occurring mental health disorders such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety are common among veterans with AUD, and any effective treatment plan must address these concurrent issues. The VA offers various programs that integrate care for substance use and mental health conditions.

Preventing Alcohol Use Disorder Among Veterans

Preventing AUD in veterans is a crucial aspect of promoting overall health and well-being within this community. Effective prevention strategies are multifaceted, addressing both individual and systemic factors that contribute to AUD. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) plays a pivotal role in implementing these strategies through education, support services, and healthcare initiatives.

Education and awareness programs are fundamental to prevention efforts. These programs emphasize the risks associated with hazardous alcohol use and its impact on health and quality of life. Tailored interventions that consider the unique experiences of veterans, such as combat exposure and the transition to civilian life, are also essential. The VA provides substance use education to all service members, which includes a range of services targeted at individuals, healthcare providers, and unit commanders to foster a comprehensive understanding of AUD risks.

Another critical aspect is the provision of mental health support. Given the strong correlation between mental health disorders like PTSD and AUD, the VA offers integrated treatment programs that address co-occurring conditions. Peer support programs, particularly for those with at-risk drinking behaviors, have shown promise in engaging veterans who might not seek traditional forms of treatment.

Access to complementary and integrative health (CIH) interventions, such as meditation, yoga, and acupuncture, is also being explored as a means to prevent or reduce AUD. While evidence of their effectiveness is still emerging, these interventions offer alternative coping mechanisms for stress and pain that may otherwise lead to substance misuse.

Veterans Can Get Help for AUD Now

Understanding what makes someone addicted to alcohol can be the first step in helping a person seek treatment. Depending on how bad their alcohol abuse has been or if medically-assisted alcohol detox will be needed for withdrawal symptoms, entering into a treatment center may be a necessary option. Professional medical staff can assist in the difficult process of withdrawal, making the transition into sobriety less daunting. 

Alcohol abuse treatment programs teach people how to move into an alcohol-free lifestyle while teaching them healthy coping strategies. They can simultaneously help treat any co-occurring mental health issues. 

Contact The Recovery Village Palmer Lake if you have questions about treatment or if you’re ready to get on the path to recovery and end your addiction to alcohol.